제  목 : ELECTRIC STORAGE BATTERIES
  일  자 : 1998년 07월
  제공처 : Internet

 ELECTRIC STORAGE BATTERIES
 ==========================

    

    ㅇ General precautions
    ㅇ Disconnecting and reconnecting batteries
    ㅇ Battery charging
    ㅇ Jump starting
    ㅇ Electrically powered vehicles

  

  Every year a number of people are injured when batteries they handle (mostly
vehicle batteries) explode, resulting in acid burns to face, eyes and hands,
and other injuries.

  This leaflet offers simple advice and guidance on the safe charging and use of
batteries in motor vehicle repair and maintenance, which if followed will
reduce the risk of battery explosions. The advice given may also be more
generally applicable.

  Charging of batteries, even those which are described as maintenance free,
gives off flammable hydrogen gas. If this is allowed to collect and a source
of ignition (naked flame or spark) is present then the gas and battery will
explode.

  Sparking most often occurs when battery leads are being connected and
disconnected. It is important to follow the procedures set out below to
prevent such sparking.

   

    - Always wear goggles or a visor when working on batteries.
    - Wherever possible, always use a properly designated, well ventilated area
      for charging.
    - Remove any metallic items from hands, wrists and neck (rings, chains etc)
      before working on a battery.

   

    - Turn off the ignition switch and all other switches or otherwise isolate
      the battery from the circuit.
    - Always disconnect the earthed terminal first (often the negative
      terminal, but not always...CHECK..) and reconnect it last using insulated
      tools.
    - Don't rest tools or metallic objects on top of the battery.

   

    - Always observe the manufacturer's instructions for charging batteries.
    - Charging should take place in a well ventilated area. Do not smoke or
      bring naked flames into the charging area.
    - Make sure the battery is topped up to the correct level.
    - Make sure that the charger is switched off or disconnected from its power
      supply before connecting the charging leads which should be connected
      positive to positive, negative to negative.
    - Make sure that the charging leads are firmly and securely clamped in
      position before switching on the charger. Do not move the clamps while
      the charger is switched on; always switch off first if adjustment to the
      clamps is necessary.
    - Vent plugs may need to be adjusted before charging. Carefully follow the
      manufacturer's instructions.
    - Do not exceed the recommended rate of charging.
    - When charging is complete, switch off the charger before disconnecting
      the charging leads.

     

    ㅇ Preparation

  - Always ensure that both batteries have the same voltage rating.
  - If starting, using a battery on another vehicle, check the earth
    polarity on both vehicles.
  - Ensure that the vehicles are not touching.
  - Turn off the ignition of both vehicles.
  - Always use purpose made, colour coded jump leads with insulated
    handles, RED for the positive cable, BLACK for the negative cable.

    ㅇ Connection (for vehicles with same earth polarity)

  - First connect the non-earthed terminal of the good battery to the
    non-earthed terminal of the flat battery.
  - Connect one end of the second lead to the earthed terminal of the
    good battery.
  - Connect the other end of the second lead to a suitable, substantial,
    unpainted point on the chassis or engine of the other vehicle, away
    from the battery, carburettor, fuel lines or brake pipes.

    ㅇ Connection (for vehicles with different earth polarity)

    ㅇ In view of the potential for confusion this should only be
       attempted by skilled and experienced personnel.

  - First connect the earthed terminal of the good battery to the
    non-earthed terminal of the flat battery.
  - Connect one end of the second lead to the non-earthed terminal of
    the good battery.
  - Connect the other end of the second lead to a suitable, substantial,
    unpainted point on the chassis or engine of the other vehicle, away
    from the battery, carburettor, fuel lines or brake pipes.

    ㅇ Starting

  - Ensure that the leads are well clear of moving parts.
  - Start the engine of the 'good' vehicle and allow to run for about a
    minute.
  - Start the engine of the 'dead' vehicle and allow to run for about a
    minute.

    ㅇ Disconnection

  - Stop the engine of the good vehicle.
  - Disconnect the leads in the reverse order to which they were
    connected.
  - Take great care in handling jump leads; do not allow the exposed
    metal parts to touch each other or the vehicle body.

    ㅇ Electrically powered vehicles

     Electrically powered vehicles use large and heavy battery units, which
     are designed for the particular vehicle. They will normally have purpose
     designed connectors for coupling between battery, charger and vehicle,
     which ensure correct connection. The same principles of safe operation
     apply to the charging of these batteries as apply to the smaller starter
     batteries.

  - Always use the correct charging unit as specified by the
    manufacturer for the vehicle/battery.
  - Ensure all electrical circuits are switched off before
    connecting/disconnecting batteries.
  - Raise the battery cover to aid ventilation during charging.

     HSE priced and free publications are available by mail order from:

     HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS Tel: 01787 881165 Fax:
     01787 313995

     HSE priced publications are also available from good booksellers.

     For other enquiries ring HSE's InfoLine Tel: 0541 545500 or write to
     HSE's Information Centre, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ

     HSE home page on the World Wide Web:
     http://www.open.gov.uk/hse/hsehome.htm

                  This leaflet contains notes on good
                  practice which are not compulsory
                  but which you may find helpful in
                  considering what you need to do.


     This publication may be freely reproduced, except for advertising,
     endorsement or sale purposes. The information it contains is current at
     4/94. Please acknowledge the source as HSE.

     Printed and published by the Health and Safety Executive
     IND(G)139L 7/97 C100
     Added to the web site 8/7/98