제  목 : HIGHLIGHTS OF OSHA STANDARDS ON POWERED INDUSTRIAL
  일  자 : 1998년 12월
  제공처 : Internet

       HIGHLIGHTS OF OSHA STANDARDS ON POWERED INDUSTRIAL
       TRUCK OPERATOR TRAINING
       ==================================================

  Coverage: Powered industrial truck operators in general industry,
  construction and maritime (shipyards, longshoring and marine terminals)
  industries. Almost one million powered industrial trucks are in use in the
  industries covered by the OSHA standards. Industries with the largest
  number of powered industrial trucks include wholesale trade-non-durable
  goods (SIC 51), with an estimated 127,000 powered industrial trucks; and
  food and kindred products (SIC 20), with an estimated 82,000 powered
  industrial trucks. The construction and maritime sectors are estimated
  to have about 46,000 and 3,240 powered industrial trucks, respectively.

  Operator Selection: The employer must ensure that the employee is
  competent to operate a powered industrial truck, as demonstrated by
  successful completion of a training program and evaluation.

  Training Program Implementation: The training shall include formal
  instruction (e. g., lecture, discussion, interactive computer learning,
  video tape, written material), practical training (demonstrations
  performed by the trainer and practical exercises performed by the trainee)
  and evaluation of the operator's performance in the workplace.

  Training Program Content: Topics to be covered in the initial training
  are listed in the standards.

  Periodic Evaluation and Refresher Training: Sufficient evaluation and
  refresher training must be conducted to enable the employee to retain
  and use the knowledge and skills needed to operate the powered
  industrial truck safely. An evaluation of each operator's performance
  must be conducted at least every three years. Refresher training is
  required if: the operator is involved in an accident or near-miss
  incident; the operator has been observed operating the vehicle in an
  unsafe manner; the operator has been determined in an evaluation to need
  additional training; there are changes in the workplace that could affect
  safe operation of the truck; or the operator is assigned to a different
  type of truck.

  Avoiding Duplicative Training: An employee who has received training and
  been found by an evaluation to be competent to perform the duties of an
  operator safely does not have to be retrained at specified intervals.
  However, all new operators must have their performance evaluated.

  Certification: The employer must certify that the training and evaluation
  have been done.

  Non-mandatory Appendix: OSHA has included a nonmandatory appendix to
  provide guidance to employers and employees on understanding the basic
  principles of stability.

  Effective Dates: The effective date for the standards is March 1, 1999.
  The training and evaluation of employees who are hired before Dec. 1,
  1999, must be completed by Dec. 1, 1999. The training and evaluation
  of employees hired after Dec. 1,1999, must be completed before the
  employee is assigned to operate a powered industrial truck.

  Common Hazards: Hazards commonly associated with powered industrial
  trucks vary for different vehicle types, makes and models. For example,
  a counterbalanced high lift rider truck is more likely to be involved
  in a falling load accident than a motorized hand truck because the rider
  truck can lift a load much higher than a hand truck. The methods or means
  of preventing accidents and protecting an employee from injury also vary
  for different types of trucks.