제  목 : Work Safe This Summer Employer's Guide To Teen Worker Safety
  일  자 : 1998년 09월
  제공처 : Internet

    Work Safe This Summer Employer's Guide To Teen Worker Safety
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    Employer's Teen Safety Checklist

    To be sure, some tasks and tools present more of a hazard than others.
    Many hazardous activities are limited or prohibited by the Fair Labor
    Standards Act (FLSA) (see Prohibited jobs). But you can take some simple
    steps to help prevent injuries to working teens.

    Understand and comply with child labor laws and occupational safety and
    health regulations that apply to your business. The Fair Labor Standards
    Act limits the hours minors under 16 can work and prohibits employing
    minors under age 18 for certain hazardous occupations.

    Stress safety, particularly among first-line supervi-sors who have the
    greatest opportunity to influence teens and their work habits. Make sure
    that adolescent workers are appropriately trained and supervised to
    prevent injuries and hazardous exposures.

    Work with supervisors and experienced workers to develop an injury and
    illness prevention program and to help identify and solve safety and
    health problems.
    Many injuries can be prevented through simple work redesign.

    Assess and eliminate hazards for adolescent workers. The FLSA* prohibits
    assigning teens to tasks and tools that have accounted for a large number
    of injuries, like:

    Driving a car or truck
    Operating tractors or other heavy equipment
    Using power tools

    Train adolescent workers to recognize hazards and use safe work practices.
    This is especially important since teens may have had little work
    experience, and new workers are at a disproportionate risk of injury.

    * For a full list of hazardous jobs prohibited under the FLSA,
      see Prohibited jobs.

    Preparing Teens to Work Safely

    Teens need help to work safely. Their inexperience counts against them.
    In fact, workers with less than one-year's experience account for almost
    one-third of the occupational injuries every year. Take 4 steps to help
    prepare teens to work safely.

    1.Double Check Tasks

  Supervisors and co-workers can help compensate for inexperience by showing
  teens how to do the job correctly. What may be obvious to an adult or
  simple common sense to an experienced employee may not be so clear to a
  teen tackling a task for the first time. Time spent showing a teen the
  best way to handle a job will be paid back threefold through work done
  right and without harm to products or injury to the teen. Training teens
  to work safely is a multi-step process.

  Give them clear instructions and tell them what safety precautions to
  take.
  Ask them to repeat your instructions and give them an opportunity to ask
  questions.
  Show them how to perform the task.
  Then watch them while they do it, correcting any mistakes.
  Finally, ask if they have any additional questions.

  Once young workers know what to do and have dem-onstrated that they can
  do the job right, check again later to be sure they are continuing to do
  the task correctly. Don't let them take short cuts with safety. Be sure,
  too, that supervisors and co-workers set a good example by following all
  the appropriate rules as well.

    2.Show Them How to Use Safety Equipment

  The Fair Labor Standards Act prohibits young workers from doing tasks
  identified as particularly hazardous, including operating heavy equipment,
  using meat slicing machines, working late at night, and using certain
  power tools.

  This does not eliminate every hazard, however, and some teens may still
  need to wear protective equipment such as safety shoes, hard hats, or
  gloves, depending on the nature of their work. Be sure that teens know
  when they need to wear protective gear, where to find it, how to use it,
  and how to care for it.

  In other cases, teens may simply need to know about safety features of
  equipment or facilities. For example, they may need to be aware that they
  must keep exit doors free from clutter, assure that safety guards remain
  on machinery or that equipment is turned off or disconnected at the end
  of each shift.

    3.Prepare Teens for Emergencies

  Every worker needs to be ready to handle an emergency. You should prepare
  your teens to escape a fire, handle potentially violent customers, deal
  with power outages or face any other risks that affect your business.
  Teens also need to know whom to go to if an injury should occur and they
  need first aid on medical care.

    4.Set Up a Safety and Health Program

  A strong safety and health program involving every worker at your business
  is your best defense against workplace injuries. For help in establishing
  or improving a safety and health program, see the OSHA Consultation
  Program

   A Quick Look at the Fair Labor Standards Act

    The FLSA child labor provisions are designed to protect minors by
    restricting the types of jobs and the number of hours they may work.

    Prohibited jobs

    Seventeen hazardous non-farm jobs, as determined by the Secretary of
    Labor, are out of bounds for teens below the age of 18. Generally, they
    may not work at jobs that involve:

    1.Manufacturing or storing explosives
    2.Driving a motor vehicle and being an outside helper on a motor vehicle
    3.Coal mining
    4.Logging and sawmilling
    5.Power-driven wood-working machines*
    6.Exposure to radioactive substances and to ionizing radiations
    7.Power-driven hoisting equipment
    8.Power-driven metal-forming, punching, and shear-ing machines*
    9.Mining, other than coal mining
   10.Meat packing or processing (including power-driven meat slicing
      machines)
   11.Power-driven bakery machines
   12.Power-driven paper-products machines*
   13.Manufacturing brick, tile, and related products
   14.Power-driven circular saws, band saws, and guillo-tine shears*
   15.Wrecking, demolition, and ship-breaking operations
   16..Roofing operations*
   17.Excavation operations*

    * Limited exemptions are provided for apprentices and student-learners
      under specified standards.

    Hours limitations

    1.Youths 18 or older may perform any job, whether hazardous or not, for
      unlimited hours, in accordance with minimum wage and overtime
      requirements.
    2.Youths 16 and 17 years old may perform any nonhazardous job, for
      unlimited hours.
    3.Youths 14 and 15 years old may work outside school hours in various
      nonmanufacturing, nonmining, nonhazardous jobs up to

       3 hours on a school day
      18 hours in a school week
       8 hours on a non-school day
      40 hours on a non-school week

    Also, work must be performed between the hours of 7 a.m. and 7 p.m.,
    except from June 1 through Labor Day, when evening hours are extended to
    9 p.m.

    For answers to your questions about child labor, call your local Wage
    and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor (see Child Labor Expertise).